The church schools that have been described above provide the continuation of traditional education in Ethiopia. = ( ) - ., 3. The teaching method allows the boy free activities and movements as illustrated below. (Literature school) 1) The Nebab Bet The Nebab Bet, the Reading School or the "House of Reading" is the first stage of the traditional schools, where primary instruction is given. The function of an altar priest is limited to carrying out the rituals of the Mass and the Sacraments. = , 3. 2. In the just completed Ethiopian year, it managed to get all its 8, 10, and 12 graders pass school leaving examinations.The School ranked 1st out of private schools in Addis Ababa and was awarded three cups as well as one big cup for being a general winner. In urban centres and roadside towns the Nebab bet has a new function today. One of the group reads a sentence or a phrase. Each Nebab Bet may have an average of 20 pupils. = [ ], 3. Modern theological colleges exist which combine traditional studies with the broader curriculum demanded in the twentieth century. When the teacher feels that his pupil has mastered this stage, he leads him to Wurdnebab. ], 2. . [ ], 1. . The main courses of study are in church music, church poetry, and religious literature, each divided according to content of instruction. He is credited for inventing the zema of the Church; the chant that has been in use continuously for the last almost 1500 years. () = There are also other Qene types which are however not as widespread as the Samenna Worq. BETI HAILI : ( ) : https://youtu.be/krOS4KgG_249. Traditional education derives its distinctive character from the unique Christian heritage of the country. = = , 27. He may be called upon to read and write letters. . 81 2 . 2) Qedasse Bet (Liturgy school) Written by Professor Sergew Hable Sellassie and Professor Tadesse Tamerat Traditionally a boy can receive only the Nebab Bet instruction while he is at home. = [ . . = , 16 - = , 9. . [10], Ethiopian Orthodox Christians form approximately 43.5% of the population of modern day Ethiopia. () = , 21. 13 - ( ) = . All depends on the availability of books. The student strains his power of expression to construct the Qene verses in a vivid, enigmatic manner or to express his experience in social life in connection with biblical stories, visions, and legendary events. The training challenges the memory of the child rather than leading him to think. The Qne bet teachers say that once the student has been taught the way of right thinking, he attains a position to express himself or to criticize oth- ers views. When he has composed his Qene verse after the model assigned to him by the teacher, he then approaches the teacher, who sits for the most part of the day at a place known to all. There are different Qne bet the main centres of learning are in Wadla (Wllo), Gong (Goggam), Wara (Damot, Goggam); Gondr (s. Admasu Gmbre 1971/72: 10). . Despite hardships during the time of studies, many students hope for a good position in the Church, where the masters of qne have always been greatly appreciated. ( ) = , 32. In this way the historical interpretations are mixed with legendary tales and special natural events, all considered to be miracles, and even concrete phenomena are given symbolical meanings. Privacy-Statement . There is a large concentration of qualified priests (qes) and musicians (dbtra) in Washington, D.C. , 15 -. = , 20 - . In the evening the pupils come to the house of the teacher, which is also at the same time the school itself All stand around the teacher while the lesson is given. = , 14. The Qene lessons usually start in the afternoon or in some places early in the evening. [8], Ethiopian liturgical chants are based on both written and oral sources,[9] but the isolation of Ethiopia and the lack of source material make it difficult to reconstruct the exact history of Ethiopian church music. . = [ ]. The first type is known as Beluy. = , 05. Modern education, of recent origin, is provided mainly in schools operated by the Government. The Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church had been administratively part of the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria from the first half of the 4th century until 1959, when it was granted autocephaly with its own patriarch by Pope Cyril VI of Alexandria, Pope of the Coptic Orthodox Church. The way to the Qne bet is long and difficult. According to the Church Office there are about 15,000 churches in Ethiopia. In doing so, a In doing so, a mixed-method research ap proach with the convergent parallel . He then learns Zeamlakiye (3 verses), Wazema (5 verses). 2003-Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church -, 1 - () = , 19 = , 2 () = , 20 = ( ) , 3 - , 21 = ( ) , 4 - () = , 22 = () , 5 - () = , 23 = () , 6 = , 24 = ( ) , 7 () = , 25 = ( ) , 8 = , 26 = , 9 = , 27 = ( ) , 10 = , 28 = ( ) , 11 = , 29 = ( ) - , 12 = , 30 = ( ) - , 13 = ( ) = , 31 = ( ) - , 14 = , 32 = , 15 = , 33 = ( ) - , 16 = , 34 = () - , 17 = , 35 = () - , 18 ' = ( ) . A teacher specialized in Qedasse or the Mass is to be found in practically all the main churches. The Qne bet takes from three to five years. In the Qne bet the students focus on the theory and practice of the composition of qne. . . = , 1. Today the standardized table Aa, Bu, Gi, Da is much used, however, so that the pupil may learn even this by heart and only comes to distinguish the individual characters well after much practice. The four steps are repeatedly drilled on the same text, Fidel Hawaria. = , 18. " " " " " " This exercise is repeated for months or every a couple of years, until the boy knows the main prayers by heart. . The students listen attentively and try to remember the comment word for word. These schools of commentaries are not to be found everywhere, but in large churches, Debre, and in monasteries, Geddam, where extensive libraries and famous teachers are to be found. . Children of the clergy, who use church lands usually enter such schools in order to become deacon or priests in a church (and thus keep their church land in the hands of the family). The last branch of the Metsehaf Bet is the Menekosat, the School of Commentaries on monastic literature. Humming at the lowest range of the male voice. Online Status. , 1. = , 3. The majority of the Debtera are laymen, and as such they are not allowed to serve in the mass and the administration of sacraments. Zema or the chant tradition of Ethiopia, particularly the chants of the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church, is attributed to St. Yared, a composer and a choreographer who lived in Aksum in the 6th century AD. 1) Nebab Bet (Reading school) When he is convinced that the pupil has reached the level of knowledge traditionally required at this stage of learning, he indicated that the time has come when he may leave the Nebab Bet. 2003-Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church -, 1. Usually the child learns the whole set of letters in sequence by heart, so that in reality he may not be able to distinguish on letter from the other. It may be that church schools as a whole will take on a new impetus and play an important role in raising the general level of education of the clergy in the future. The expressions are vividly illustrated with parables, analogies, proverbs, and popular wisdom. To specialize in Qene so as to be a teacher in a higher school, the student must attend several schools and study more branches of Qene, which means studying and wandering for some years more. = , 21. The Qene School is perhaps the only school where the students can received both intellectual and traditional training. Theoretically, both boys and girls and members of all ethnic groups and classes are eligible to enroll in church schools. b) Qene Bet . Gradually the pupil masters the art of good reading. : : 1. Regional varieties may have become standardized over time, and more symbols and segments of music have become available for composers. This step is important, so the pupil spends more time on it. One of the main reasons for this change is that the graduates of the church schools have lost their traditional elite status in the social order, which today particularly in the modern sector, is being occupied by those who have a modern western type of education. In all these schools the students must learn the material by heart. This page was last edited on 29 November 2022, at 02:51. The prime function of the Nebab bet is to teach children to read religious books, practically all of which are in Geez. = , 4. To help the child distinguish the different characteristics of the alphabet another table has been prepared. Now the child practices read learns to take much care over words that must be read to together, the accents, the pauses and the soft or hard pronunciations of the syllables. This hope is perhaps one of the motives that encourages the student to spend more that half of his life at such a school. The main one is that the student understands the Geez language in the Qene school. [ ], 3 - = , 4 - . = , 8 . = in Gojjam, the Gonji and Washera schools of Qene differ from this. The following is a typical example of a Metsehaf Bet lesson. () = - ., 10. ( ) = , 4. As the main task of the session some Geez verbs are conjugated, and the proper usage of selected verbs and nouns is demonstrated by examples from different Qene verses composed by the teacher and advanced students on the spot. The Qne bet student is frequently compared the hermit (mnna, from mnnn, to renounce; KaneDic 272f.) Zema-Bet education in the three selected Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahido churches found in Bahir Dar city. This is available for about ten cents in every market place in the country, so that the traditional parchment is disappearing. 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As a next step to help him distinguish individual letters, he is led to pronounce each letter reading from right to left and then from top to bottom. The student recites the product of his intellectual labour. The activities of the priest, therefore, are limited to the rituals, which do not usually demand the understanding of the Scriptures. To be able to carry out this further service one has to attend a higher school of the church, which should be considered an extension of the Nebab and Qedasse Bet. = , 12. In turn, the knowledge of Qne bet is a precondition of the study of andmta in the mshaf bet. . It is also an occasion of joy for the family, and the parents usually organize a feast to mark the event. . Zm has usually been identified as the music of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church, an institution dating from the Ethiopian court's acceptance of Christianity in the fourth century. In spite of the monotony of the learning and teaching methods and the exacting length of time, the students show surprisingly high morale. = [ ], 3 - ( ) = , 4 - = , 5 - = , 7 - = , 8 - = , 9 - . . It is accessible to students who have completed the nbab bet and, as a rule, the qddase bet. [ . ], 4. The modern schools often accepts more readily in their primary grades those children who can already read and write. . The long monastic tradition dates beck to the fifth century and the significant role of monasticism in the diffusion of Christian learning during the mediaeval period has been described in an earlier chapter. The related musical notation is known as melekket. Ethiopian liturgical chants were developed only after that. It should be noted that the Church is fully aware of the necessity to train its own future leaders in such a way that they will fulfill their role in modern society. 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